Visual Inspection of Concrete Structure

In NDT methods Visual inspection is one of important and powerful method, and is the first steps in the assessment of a concrete structure. Visual inspection can provide lot of information that result in positive identification of the cause of observed distress. Its efficiency depends on the knowledge and experience of the investigator. Knowledge in structural engineering, concrete materials, and construction methods is required to get the most information from visual inspection. Before a detailed visual inspection is performed; the investigator should develop and follow a definite plan to maximize the quality of the record data. Visual inspection has the clear limitation that only visible surface can be inspected. Internal defects were unobserved and does not result in quantitative information is about the properties of the concrete.

Author

Kaushal Kishore
Materials Engineer, Roorkee 

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Waterproofing of Roof with Discarded Tyre Rubber Crumb

 In various types of almost 1 crore new vehicles has been added each year to the Indian roads. The increase uses of discarded tyres each year pretense a potential threat to the environment. The significant number is added to existing tyre dumps or landfills, tyres are recycling. The generation of waste tyres far exceeds than now being recycle. Rubber tyres waste causes a serious environment problems all over the world. These accumulated waste materials can be used in Civil. Early studies on the use of worn out tyres in asphalt mixes were very promising, not much attention has been given to the use of rubber from scrap tyres in Portland cement concrete. Till now no research is done in the use of rubber crumb for RCC and RB roof slab water proofing.

Author

Kaushal Kishore, Materials Engineer, Roorkee
 

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Properties of Green Lightweight Aggregate Concrete

As utilization of natural aggregates has been increased, synthetic lightweight aggregate production from environmental waste is a feasible new source of structural aggregate material. Structural grade lightweight concrete use has reduced considerably the self-load of a structure and permit larger precast units to be handled. In this paper, the mechanical properties of a structural grade lightweight aggregate made with fly ash and clay will be presented. The results shows that water absorption of the green aggregate is large but the crushing strength of the resulting concrete can be high. The 28-day cube compressive strength of the resulting lightweight aggregate concrete with density of 1590 kg/m³ and respective strength of 34 MPa. The  use of green lightweight aggregate concrete in prefabrication of concrete elements is also considered.

 Author
 
Ali Shokati Sayyad

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Structural Design of a Bus Terminal

For urban transport facilities Bus-terminal is a vital component, it defines the start (origin) or ending (terminating) of the line for the transportation system. A size-able land is normally required in a strategic part of a city area. A fine planned or managed bus-terminal will operate as catalyst to the social and economic development of the surrounding areas. On other perspective, bus-terminal is a benefit to an area as it may operate as catalyst to economic and social development of the surrounding areas. However, weakly planned and sited terminal for buses may generate traffic problems as well as deteriorating the quality of life of the affected surroundings. The main focus is the structural design of whole bus terminal. Because of engineering and operational aspects of terminal facilities the focus would be on the design to accomplish traffic capacity requirement and operational efficiency to operators and passengers. The proposed distant side terminating bas terminal model which located outer city centre may have added compensation such as unnecessary congestion is reduced and environment is being improved.

Author

MD Anamul Hasan

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Housing Development

This project comprise of nine single-family separate houses with a residential activity building. This project is planned to suit the residents who live in Halmstad. It comprise of different green areas to walk, playing areas and gardens. The weather in Halmstad is relatively cold, therefore, the project comprise a common single building where inhabitants can enjoy. This will improve the status of the area. Work pushes towards a form of architecture with less emphasis on ornament and a greater emphasis on form, function, materials, clarity and quality. All homes in the plot are designed to cater for a more relaxed mode of family living. These abode fit with a modern lifestyle, with the main points being comfort and with a balance between private and communal space within the home.

Author

 Callén Gil, Ana-Cruz

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